Tuberculosis is one of many infectious diseases in the world and is responsible for a large number of human deaths each year. The cause is Mycobacterium ssp included in the tuberculosis-complex, there among Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infection with M. bovis causes bovine tuberculosis in cattle which in 90 % has a pulmonary location. Humans are infected mainly by milk from infected cows but also by close contact with coughing animals or by eating raw meat.

Tuberculosis is one of many infectious diseases in the world and is responsible for a large number of human deaths each year. The cause is Mycobacterium ssp included in the tuberculosis-complex, there among Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infection with M. bovis causes bovine tuberculosis in cattle which in 90 % has a pulmonary location. Humans are infected mainly by milk from infected cows but also by close contact with coughing animals or by eating raw meat.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic respiratory disease with an estimated incidence of 3-6 cases per 100 000 inhabitants in Sweden. There is no cure for the disease, which inevitably leads to death. A similar disease has been found among terrier dogs, with an especially high prevalence in the West Highland White Terrier (WHWT). Dogs with pulmonary fibrosis become lethargic with exercise intolerance, and in some cases they develop cough and respiratory distress. This thesis gives a brief review of the field of pulmonary fibrosis and presents a method for analyzing surfactant proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the dog.

Thoroughbred racehorses have suffered from exercise-induced haemorrhage for over 300 years. Almost all competing horses develop exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) at some point but most horses don?t suffer from reduced competing capacity due to the disease. The cause of the exercise-induced haemorrhage is unknown. The most believed theory today is that EIPH is induced by pulmonary stress failure caused by pressure over 100 mmHg in the pulmonary arteries during exercise.

The progress of chronic disorders such as heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affects various aspects of life. They have an deep impact on patients´experience of health and wellbeing and their functional qualities and quality of life. Several studies have in an extensive way described heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in its own domain but few qualitative studies consider coexistence of the disorders from a caring science perspective. The aim was to describe the meaning of living with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from a lifeworld perspective. With a phenomenological and reflecting lifeworld approach it´s possible to describe eight patients daily experiences of living with severe and chronic disorders from their own narratives.

Bakgrund: Vård av patienter med smittsam lungtuberkulos har blivit allt vanligare. Ett antal fall där personal smittats har förekommit i landet under de senaste åren. Många av dessa patienter har en annan etnisk bakgrund och talar ett annat språk än personalen. Syfte: Att studera sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda patienter med lungtuberkulos på infektionsklinik. Metod: Semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med sex sjuksköterskor på en infektionsklinik.

Omkring en tredjedel av världens befolkning tros vara bärare av tuberkulosbakterier och under 2012 beräknas 1,3 miljoner människor ha mist livet i sviterna av sjukdomen. Det gör tuberkulos till den infektionssjukdom som, näst efter AIDS, orsakar flest dödsfall bland människor. Av de 8,6 miljoner människor som 2012 diagnosticerades med tuberkulos fanns 58% i Asien och 27% i Afrika. Mycobacterium spp. är ett genus med syrafasta, stavformade bakterier som ger upphov till kroniska, granulomatösa infektioner hos flera däggdjur och fåglar. De av mykobakterierna som kan orsaka tuberkulos grupperas ofta i Mycobacterium tuberculosis-komplexet, där Mycobacterium tuberculosis och Mycobacterium bovis har störst epidemiologisk signifikans.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can limit patients physical abilities and contribute to social isolation. The purpose of this literature study is to investigate men's and women's experiences of living with chronic obstructive pulmonary dis-ease, and the supporting and guiding role of the nurse to an increased quality of life. 13 critical reviewed articles were used to find the answers to our questions. Quality rating forms were used in order to guarantee a good scientific quality. The results show that, it is of great importance for the COPD-patients well-being to experience social support from those around them, and to have a close relation-ship with their families and friends, in order to experience quality of life.

Bakgrund: Ett stort antal personer drabbas varje år av venös tromboembolism i Sverige och ungefär en fjärdedel drabbas av lungemboli. Symtomen kan vara mycket varierande och diffusa vilket gör sjukdomen svårdiagnostiserad. De flesta patienter som kommer till sjukhus och får behandling i tid överlever. Det finns i dag mycket forskning när det gäller riskfaktorer, diagnos och behandling vid lungemboli. Däremot är inte upplevelsen av att drabbas väl studerad, inte heller hur det påverkar patientens livskvalitet.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease. The disease is the fourth leading cause of death and more than 5 percent of the adult population worldwide is affected.The aim of this study was to investigate the association between periodontitis and COPD.Search for material for the literature review was done in the medical database PubMed where the keywords were: "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" and "Periodontal health or periodontal disease". The result is based on twelve studies that were extracted and analyzed. The studies have investigated pocket depth, attachment loss, plaque index, bleeding on probing and bone loss. Ten studies compared a COPD group with a healthy control group, one study compared two COPD groups and one study examined a COPD group and a group with other lung diseases.Most studies found that people with COPD had a higher incidence of pocket depth, attachment loss, plaque index, bleeding on probing and bone loss.

BACKGROUND: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a slow progressive disease affecting the family caregivers by limiting their lifestyle. Subsequently the situation can be experienced as stressful for both the afflicted and the relatives. To easier understand the needs of the caregivers of family members suffering from COPD have, it is important to get an insight into their experience of every-day life, so that medical staff can help, support and promote their health according to their needs. AIM: To illustrate caregivers? experiences of living with a family member suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Objective: To investigate the experiences of ambulance nurses when using Boussignac CPAPcompared to their previous model, and their suggestions for possible improvements in the use of CPAP in the care of patients with pulmonary oedema. Method: A qualitative study with a descriptive and exploratory approach. Data was collected through ten semi-structured interviews with ambulance nurses, seven men and three women. The analysis was conducted using Lundman and Graneheim?s content analysis.

Tuberkulos (TB) är en relativt ny sjukdom hos elefanter. Det är främst elefanter på djurparker i Nordamerika samt tama elefanter i Asien som drabbas. Bakterien Mycobacterium tuberculosis är vanligast orsakande agens men även fall orsakade av Mycobacterium bovis finns beskrivna. Typiska symptom är viktnedgång, anorexi, svaghet, hosta och slem från snabeln, men ofta syns inga symptom alls. Post mortem syns lesioner i lungor, bronker och trachea samt inkapslade granulom i lungorna. Det kan vara svårt att diagnosticera TB hos elefanter. För isolering av M.

SammanfattningBakgrundKronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom orsakas ofta av rökning, vilket anses av de flesta vara en självförvållad sjukdom. Konsekvenserna av detta blir att patienter med KOL ofta upplever skuld och skamkänslor.SyfteSyftet med denna litteraturstudie är att beskriva patienters erfarenhet av skuld och skam vid kronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom.MetodI litteraturstudien granskades åtta vetenskapliga artiklar för att få en kunskap om patienternas känslor kring sin sjukdom. Innehållsanalys användes med ett deduktivt förhållningssätt där data bearbetades för att identifiera mönster och teman.ResultatTvå huvudkategorier; skuld och skam var från början definierade och under analysen identifierades en tredje; stigmatisering. Dessa kunde senare delas in i tre olika nivåer; individ, familj/omgivning och sjukvård.KonklusionDenna studie ger sjuksköterskan en bättre förståelse för vilka känslor som kan uppstå vid en ofta självförvållad sjukdom som KOL. Den visar också vikten av att möta patienterna med empati, respekt och höja deras känsla av värdighet och moral. .

This bachelor thesis is written as a part of the geography program at Stockholm University, Sweden, and the study was conducted from April to June 2012.Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne disease and one of the most widespread infectious diseases in the world with more than nine million new cases each year (SMI 2012, digital source). The disease is a major source of death and suffering in many places and the number of deaths remains high despite the availability of highly efficacious treatment. To control and prevent further spread of TB, the mapping of the disease spatial distribution is of essential importance.In this study, maps were produced that shows the spatial distribution of TB between the years 2002 to 2011 in the municipality of Stockholm. These maps allow an analysis of the spatial distribution at a local scale over time.The aim of this paper is to study how the spatial distribution of TB has looked like in the municipality of Stockholm the last 10 years and to analyze why the spatial distribution of the disease looked like it did. This study is based on the hypothesis ?drift?.